Base Metals
The above four "BASE Metals" along with Copper and Titanium are usually shown in the Avoirdupois (AV) weight and they are quoted in the futures markets in pounds and tonnes. Therefore, the four above are all .999 fine pure and were poured in Troy (T) ounces so they weight 1.0971428 in (AV) ounce weight. However, if you weighed 12 of them together the total weight would be 12 oz (T) a Troy pound, but they would weigh 13.1657136 (AV) for the equivalent weight in Avoirdupois.
"A Troy Ounce is more than an ounce"
How can a Troy Ounce be more than an ounce ?
Precious metals such as gold and silver are often sold by the troy ounce weight. Many people don’t realize that an ounce of gold is more than the typical ounce found at the grocery store. In many English speaking countries there are two systems for measuring weight.
One, for precious metals, called the troy ounce (oz) used for weighing precious metals and gems.
The other is for Commodities such as sugar, grains, and the typical grocery items. It is called the avoirdupois ounce (av). Here in the USA we often use the avoirdupois ounce. Every time you step on the scale at home, or weight food found in the grocery, you use the avoirdupois ounce weight system. There are 16 avoirdupois ounces in a pound.
Avoirdupois weights - An "Avoirdupois" (AV) 16 oz pound is equal to about 453.6 grams (g), or 14.5833 "Troy" (T) ounces (oz). 1 avoirdupois ounce (av) = 437.5 grains, or 28.35 grams. 1 avoirdupois pound equals 16 (avoirdupois) ounces or 453.59 grams.
So what do you get when you buy an ounce ?
The troy ounce is heavier than the typical grocery store (avoirdupois) ounce used in the USA. When you purchase a 1 ounce silver or gold coin, you are receiving a "troy" ounce. If you put that same 1 troy oz. coin on a grocery store scale you will find that it weighs about 10% more than the food ounce you are familiar with. It will weigh about 1.1 avoirdupois ounces. Consequently, a grocery store pound which weighs 16 avoirdupois ounces (or 453.59237 grams) will contain about 14.58 troy ounces.
Separately, the troy weight system has it's own definition of a "troy" pound. A "troy pound" contains 12 troy ounces or 373.24152 grams (which is 13.1657136 (avoirdupois ounces) and is equivalent to 373.24 grams and 32.15 troy ounces = 1 kilogram.
It is thought that the troy ounce was named after a weight system used in Troyes France during the Middle Ages.
Troy weights - One troy ounce (oz) = 20 pennyweights (dwt), or 480 grains (gr), or 31.10346 grams (g), or 1.0971428oz avoirdupois (av)
"A Troy Ounce is more than an ounce"
How can a Troy Ounce be more than an ounce ?
Precious metals such as gold and silver are often sold by the troy ounce weight. Many people don’t realize that an ounce of gold is more than the typical ounce found at the grocery store. In many English speaking countries there are two systems for measuring weight.
One, for precious metals, called the troy ounce (oz) used for weighing precious metals and gems.
The other is for Commodities such as sugar, grains, and the typical grocery items. It is called the avoirdupois ounce (av). Here in the USA we often use the avoirdupois ounce. Every time you step on the scale at home, or weight food found in the grocery, you use the avoirdupois ounce weight system. There are 16 avoirdupois ounces in a pound.
Avoirdupois weights - An "Avoirdupois" (AV) 16 oz pound is equal to about 453.6 grams (g), or 14.5833 "Troy" (T) ounces (oz). 1 avoirdupois ounce (av) = 437.5 grains, or 28.35 grams. 1 avoirdupois pound equals 16 (avoirdupois) ounces or 453.59 grams.
So what do you get when you buy an ounce ?
The troy ounce is heavier than the typical grocery store (avoirdupois) ounce used in the USA. When you purchase a 1 ounce silver or gold coin, you are receiving a "troy" ounce. If you put that same 1 troy oz. coin on a grocery store scale you will find that it weighs about 10% more than the food ounce you are familiar with. It will weigh about 1.1 avoirdupois ounces. Consequently, a grocery store pound which weighs 16 avoirdupois ounces (or 453.59237 grams) will contain about 14.58 troy ounces.
Separately, the troy weight system has it's own definition of a "troy" pound. A "troy pound" contains 12 troy ounces or 373.24152 grams (which is 13.1657136 (avoirdupois ounces) and is equivalent to 373.24 grams and 32.15 troy ounces = 1 kilogram.
It is thought that the troy ounce was named after a weight system used in Troyes France during the Middle Ages.
Troy weights - One troy ounce (oz) = 20 pennyweights (dwt), or 480 grains (gr), or 31.10346 grams (g), or 1.0971428oz avoirdupois (av)
NICKEL
United States Jefferson Nickel coin (.05 cent) FACTS:
Dates: 1938 to date (except the War Nickels dated 1942 - 1945) which are 35% Silver. There arer 11 nickels in the set, all with the large mint mark above the capitol dome on the reverse. Note, the Buffalo Nickel dated 1913 to 1938, the Liberty "V" Nickel, and the Shield Nickel ALL had the same composition as the Jefferson Nickel in their original uncirculated state.
Total NICKEL weight in Uncirulated condition is 5.0 grams of which (75%) 3.75 g is pure Copper and (25%) 1.25 g is pure Nickel
For PURE Copper in Avoirdupois weight (AV) convert 453.59237 / 3.75 = 120.9580 or a little more than $6.00 (121) face value in Nickels to equal 1 AV lb pure Copper or 120.9580 / 16 = 7.559875 or a little more than .35 (7.5) face value in Nickels to equal 1 oz AV pure Copper.
For PURE Nickel in Avoirdupois weight (AV) convert 453.59237 / 1.25 = 362.873896 or a little more than $18.00 (363) face value in Nickels to equal 1 AV lb pure Nickel or 362.873896 / 16 = 22.6796185 or a little more than $1.10 (22.7) face value in Nickels to equal 1 oz AV pure Nickel.
AND
For PURE Copper in Troy weight (T) convert 373.2417216 g / 3.75 = 99.53112576 or a little more than $4.95 (99.5) face value in Nickels to equal 1 Troy lb pure Copper or 99.53112576 / 12 = 8.29426 or a little more than .40 (8.3) face value in Nickels to equal 1 Troy oz pure Nickel.
For PURE Nickel in Troy weight (T) convert 373.2417216 g / 1.25 = 298.59337728 or a little more than $14.90 (298.59) face value in Nickels to equal 1 Troy lb pure Nickel or 298.59337728 / 12 = 24.882781 or a little more than $1.20 (24.88) face value in Nickels to equal 1 Troy oz pure Nickel.
The vast majority of Nickel goes into one product - Stainless Steel.
Additional info on BASE Metals:
NICKEL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel
www.nickelinstitute.org
TITANIUM: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium
http://www.webelements.com/titanium
Facts about Aluminum: It's name originates from the Latin word "alumen". It is a silvery-white, ductile metallic element which is one of Earth's most common but most difficult metals to get (8.1% in Earth's crust bound up in the form of compounds). The pure metal is soft, but becomes hard when alloyed and forms many strong, light, corrosion-resistant, nonmagnetic, nontoxic alloys. It was discovered in 1825.
In 1884, the total United States aluminum production was only 125 pounds. That year, a 100 oz cast aluminum pyramid was placed atop the Washington Monument (it had a higher value than GOLD and represented 20% of that year's production).
Sym: AL Atomic # 13 Atomic Mass: 26.981539 Melting Point: 660.37° C Boiling Point: 2467.0° C
ALUMINUM: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminum
LEAD: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead
ZINC: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc
Weight Definitions:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avoirdupois
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy
